Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimapereka ubwino wambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale, koma njira yopangira makina yomwe yasankhidwa ingakhudze ubwino ndi umphumphu wa ziwalo zopangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chogwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyanachi.
Nkhaniyi ikuwunika chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ikuyang'ana ntchito ya photochemical etching ngati ukadaulo wokonza zinthu zomwe zingathandize kupanga zinthu zatsopano komanso zolondola kwambiri.
Bwanji kusankha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri? Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kwenikweni ndi chitsulo chofewa chokhala ndi chromium ya 10% kapena kuposerapo (potengera kulemera). Kuwonjezeredwa kwa chromium kumapatsa chitsulocho mphamvu zake zapadera zosapanga dzimbiri, zosagwira dzimbiri. Kuchuluka kwa chromium m'chitsulocho kumalola kupanga filimu yolimba, yomatira, yosaoneka, yosagwira dzimbiri ya chromium oxide pamwamba pa chitsulocho. Ngati yawonongeka ndi makina kapena mankhwala, filimuyo imatha kudzikonza yokha, bola ngati pali mpweya (ngakhale pang'ono kwambiri).
Kukana dzimbiri ndi zinthu zina zothandiza za chitsulo zimawonjezeka powonjezera kuchuluka kwa chromium ndikuwonjezera zinthu zina monga molybdenum, nickel ndi nayitrogeni.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chili ndi ubwino wambiri. Choyamba, zinthuzo sizimakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri, ndipo chromium ndiye chinthu chopangira aloyi chomwe chimapereka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chapamwamba chotere. Mitundu yochepa ya aloyi imalimbana ndi dzimbiri m'malo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso m'madzi oyera; mitundu yambiri ya aloyi imalimbana ndi dzimbiri m'malo ambiri okhala ndi asidi, alkaline, ndi chlorine, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza m'mafakitale opangira zinthu.
Ma grade apadera a chromium ndi nickel alloy amalimbana ndi kukula ndipo amakhalabe olimba kwambiri kutentha kwambiri. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zosinthira kutentha, ma superheater, ma boiler, ma feedwater heater, ma valve ndi mapaipi akuluakulu, komanso mu ndege ndi ndege.
Kuyeretsa ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri. Kuthekera kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kutsukidwa mosavuta kwapangitsa kuti chikhale chisankho choyamba pa zinthu zaukhondo monga zipatala, makhitchini ndi mafakitale opangira chakudya, ndipo mawonekedwe owala a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mosavuta amapereka mawonekedwe amakono komanso okongola.
Pomaliza, poganizira mtengo, ndalama zopangira zinthu ndi kupanga komanso ndalama zogulira zinthu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo chimatha kubwezerezedwanso 100%, ndikumaliza moyo wonse.
"Magulu a zitsulo zazing'ono zojambulidwa ndi photochemically (kuphatikiza HP Etch ndi Etchform) amajambula zitsulo zosiyanasiyana molondola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mapepala ndi ma foil okonzedwa amasiyana makulidwe kuyambira 0.003 mpaka 2000 µm. Komabe, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala chisankho choyamba kwa makasitomala ambiri a kampaniyo chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, kuchuluka kwa magiredi omwe alipo, kuchuluka kwa ma alloys ofanana, zinthu zabwino (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa), ndi kuchuluka kwa zomaliza. Ndi chitsulo chomwe chimasankhidwa pa ntchito zambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, makamaka pakupanga 1.4310: (AISI 301), 1.4404: (AISI 316L), 1.4301: (AISI 304) ndi zitsulo zazing'ono za zitsulo zodziwika bwino za austenitic, ferritic zosiyanasiyana, ma Tensitic (1.4028 Mo/7C27Mo2) kapena zitsulo ziwiri, Invar ndi Alloy 42.
Kudula kwa Photochemical (kuchotsa chitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito chigoba choteteza kuwala kuti chipange ziwalo zolondola) kuli ndi ubwino wambiri poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zopangira chitsulo. Chofunika kwambiri, kudula kwa photochemical kumapanga ziwalo pamene kumachotsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu chifukwa palibe kutentha kapena mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi imatha kupanga ziwalo zovuta kwambiri chifukwa chochotsa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakanikirana.
Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podula ndi za digito kapena zagalasi, kotero palibe chifukwa choyambira kudula nkhungu zachitsulo zodula komanso zovuta kuziyika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zambiri zitha kupangidwanso popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida, kuonetsetsa kuti zigawo zoyamba ndi za miliyoni zomwe zimapangidwa ndizofanana.
Zipangizo zamagetsi ndi magalasi zimatha kusinthidwa ndi kusinthidwa mwachangu komanso mopanda ndalama (nthawi zambiri mkati mwa ola limodzi), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kupanga ma prototyping komanso kupanga zinthu zambiri. Izi zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe azikhala "opanda chiopsezo" popanda kutayika kwa ndalama. Nthawi yosinthira ikuyembekezeka kukhala 90% mwachangu kuposa zida zosindikizidwa, zomwe zimafunanso ndalama zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zida.
Ma Screen, Ma Filter, Ma Screen ndi Ma Bend Kampaniyo imatha kukumba zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuphatikizapo ma screen, ma filter, ma screen, ma flat spring ndi ma bend spring.
Mafyuluta ndi ma sieve amafunika m'magawo ambiri a mafakitale, ndipo makasitomala nthawi zambiri amafuna magawo ovuta komanso olondola kwambiri. Njira yopangira ma micrometal pogwiritsa ntchito photochemical imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma fyuluta ndi ma screen osiyanasiyana amakampani opanga mafuta, makampani azakudya, makampani azachipatala ndi makampani opanga magalimoto (ma fyuluta opangidwa ndi photochemical amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakina opangira mafuta ndi ma hydraulic chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zokoka kwambiri). Micrometal yapanga ukadaulo wake wopangira photochemical kuti ilole kuwongolera molondola njira yopangira ma etching m'magawo atatu. Izi zimathandiza kupanga ma geometries ovuta ndipo, akagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma grid ndi ma sieve, amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yotsogolera. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe apadera ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana otseguka amatha kuphatikizidwa mu grid imodzi popanda kuwonjezera mtengo.
Mosiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe zopangira makina, kujambula pogwiritsa ntchito photochemical kuli ndi luso lapamwamba popanga ma stencil, zosefera ndi ma sefa owonda komanso olondola.
Kuchotsa chitsulo nthawi imodzi pamene kukumba kumathandiza kuti pakhale ma geometries angapo opanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri zopangira zida kapena makina, ndipo ma meshes okhotakhota ndi opanda ma burr komanso opanda nkhawa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthu komwe ma plates obowoka amatha kusokonekera.
Kujambula kwa photochemical sikusintha mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa chinthu chomwe chikukonzedwa ndipo sikugwiritsa ntchito kukhudzana kwa chitsulo ndi chitsulo kapena magwero otentha kusintha mawonekedwe a pamwamba. Chifukwa chake, njirayi ingapereke mawonekedwe apadera okongola pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa.
Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zojambulidwa ndi photochemical nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zofunika kwambiri pachitetezo kapena pa malo ozungulira - monga machitidwe a ABS braking ndi makina ojambulira mafuta - ndipo kupindika kojambulidwa kumatha "kupindika" bwino kwambiri nthawi zambiri chifukwa njirayi sikusintha mphamvu yotopa ya chitsulo. Njira zina zopangira makina monga kukonza ndi kuyendetsa nthawi zambiri zimasiya ma burrs ang'onoang'ono ndi zigawo zosinthidwa zomwe zingakhudze magwiridwe antchito a masika.
Kujambula kwa Photochemical kumachotsa malo omwe angasweke mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma burr komanso kupindika kwa zigawo zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale nthawi yayitali komanso kuti zikhale zodalirika kwambiri.
Chidule: Chitsulo ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zili ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri. Ngakhale kuti zimawonedwa ngati zinthu zosavuta kuzikonza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe zopangira chitsulo, kujambula kwa photochemical kumapatsa opanga ubwino waukulu popanga zida zovuta komanso zofunika kwambiri pachitetezo.
Kudula sikufuna zida zolimba, kumalola kupanga mwachangu kuyambira pa prototype mpaka kupanga zinthu zambiri, kumapereka zovuta zopanda malire, kumapanga zinthu zopanda kupsinjika komanso zopanda chisokonezo, sikukhudza kutentha kwachitsulo ndi zinthu zake, kumagwira ntchito pazitsulo zonse, ndipo kumafika pa Chilungamo cha ±0.025 mm, nthawi zonse zotsogolera zimakhala m'masiku, osati miyezi.
Kusinthasintha kwa njira yopangira zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito photochemical kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri popanga zida zosapanga dzimbiri m'njira zambiri zovuta, ndipo imalimbikitsa luso lamakono chifukwa imachotsa zopinga zomwe zimapezeka mu njira zachikhalidwe zopangira zitsulo za pepala kwa mainjiniya opanga mapangidwe.
Chinthu chokhala ndi zinthu zachitsulo komanso chokhala ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo za mankhwala, chimodzi mwa izo ndi chitsulo.
Gawo la ulusi lomwe limapangidwa m'mphepete mwa chinthu chogwirira ntchito panthawi yopangira. Nthawi zambiri ndi lakuthwa. Likhoza kuchotsedwa ndi mafayilo amanja, mawilo opukutira kapena malamba, mawilo a waya, maburashi a ulusi wokhuthala, zida zoyendera madzi, kapena njira zina.
Kuthekera kwa aloyi kapena chinthu cholimbanira dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri. Izi ndi makhalidwe a nickel ndi chromium omwe amapangidwa mu aloyi monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Chochitika chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ming'alu isweke chifukwa cha kupsinjika mobwerezabwereza kapena kusinthasintha komwe kumakhala ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yokoka ya chinthucho. Kusweka kwa kutopa kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira ndi ming'alu yaying'ono yomwe imakula chifukwa cha kupsinjika kosinthasintha.
Kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kungathe kupirira popanda kulephera kwa nthawi yodziwika, pokhapokha ngati kwanenedwa mwanjira ina, kupsinjikako kumasinthidwa kwathunthu mkati mwa nthawi iliyonse.
Njira iliyonse yopangira yomwe chitsulo chimagwiritsidwira ntchito kapena kupangidwa kuti chikhale ndi mawonekedwe atsopano. Mwambiri, mawuwa akuphatikizapo njira monga kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake, kutentha, kusamalira zinthu ndi kuyang'anira.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chili ndi mphamvu zambiri, kukana kutentha, makina abwino kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri. Magulu anayi akuluakulu apangidwa kuti akwaniritse zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamakanika ndi zakuthupi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zinazake. Magulu anayi ndi awa: CrNiMn 200 series ndi CrNi 300 series austenitic type; chromium martensitic type, hardenable 400 series; chromium, non-hardenable 400 series ferritic type; chromium-nickel alloys youma ndi youma yokhala ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera pochiza yankho komanso kuuma kwa ukalamba.
Mu mayeso okakamiza, chiŵerengero cha katundu wapamwamba kwambiri ku dera loyambirira lopingasa. Chimatchedwanso mphamvu yomaliza. Yerekezerani ndi mphamvu yopezera.