Mercedes-Benz, galimoto yoyamba yodziwika bwino yokhala ndi injini ya petulo, idabadwa mu 1886. Galimoto iyi idabadwa m'manja mwa Karl Benz yemwe adayambitsa Germany (inde, Benz yemweyo wochokera ku Mercedes-Benz). Kusintha kwa mafakitale kumeneku sikukanatheka kwa Mercedes-Benz popanda kugwiritsa ntchito arc welding, yomwe idapangidwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mafakitale a magalimoto ndi ma welding adalumikizidwa kwamuyaya, ngati mbale ziwiri zachitsulo zolumikizidwa ndi matako pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya TIG.
Tikudutsa mu nthawi yosangalatsa pamene zida zowotcherera zikupita patsogolo kwambiri. — Greg Coleman
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, anthu akhala akungolumikiza zitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakale komanso zovuta zopangira zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutentha ndi kugogoda zitsulo mpaka zitalumikizana. M'zaka za m'ma 1860, Mngelezi wina dzina lake Wilde anayamba kulumikiza zitsulo mwadala pogwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwamagetsi. Mu 1865, iye anapatsa chilolezo njira ya "electric arc", yomwe sinasangalatse asayansi mpaka mu 1881, pamene anapanga nyali za mumsewu zokhala ndi carbon arc. Atangotuluka m'botolo, panalibe kubwerera m'mbuyo, ndipo makampani monga Lincoln Electric adalowa mu bizinesi yowotcherera mu 1907.
Seputembala 1927 - Paipi ya Ramkin Hodge Ikukonzekera kuyika malire omaliza a kulumikizana kwa belu ndi chitoliro cha paipi ya gasi yachilengedwe ya mainchesi 8 yomwe imanyamula gasi wachilengedwe kuchokera ku Ramkin, Louisiana, kupita ku Hodge, Louisiana. Unali umodzi mwa mapaipi akuluakulu oyamba kulumikizidwa ndi arc ndipo zida za Lincoln zokha ndi zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchitoyi.
Kampani ya Lincoln Electric ku Cleveland, Ohio inayamba kupanga ma mota amagetsi mu 1895. Pofika mu 1907, Lincoln Electric inali itapanga makina oyamba ochapira a DC olamulidwa ndi magetsi. Woyambitsa John S. Lincoln adayambitsa kampaniyo ndi ndalama zokwana $200 kuti apange ma mota amagetsi omwe adapangidwa ndi iyemwini.
Mu 1895: John C. Lincoln anayambitsa kampani ya Lincoln Electric Company kuti ipange ndikugulitsa ma mota amagetsi omwe adapangidwa ndi iye mwini.
1917: Sukulu ya Lincoln Electric Welding School idakhazikitsidwa. Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1917, sukuluyi yaphunzitsa ophunzira opitilira 100,000.
Mu 1933: Kampani ya Lincoln Electric inasindikiza buku loyamba la Arc Welding Design and Manufacturing Process Manual kuti makasitomala athe kugwiritsa ntchito arc welding bwino. Masiku ano imaonedwa kuti ndi "Baibulo la Welding".
1977: Fakitale ya ma electrode inatsegulidwa ku Mentor, Ohio, USA kuti ipange zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawaya.
2005: Lincoln Electric yagula JW Harris Corporation, mtsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi pamakampani ogulitsa zinthu, kuti iwonjezere mphamvu za kampaniyo pakukonza mayankho ndikuwonjezera mzere wake waukulu wazinthu.
Mng'ono wake wa John C., James F. Lincoln, adalowa nawo kampaniyo ngati wogulitsa mu 1907, pomwe nthawi imeneyo mzere wazinthuzo udakula mpaka kuphatikiza ma charger amagetsi a magalimoto. Mu 1909, abale a Lincoln adapanga koyamba zida zowotcherera. Mu 1911, Lincoln Electric idayambitsa makina oyamba padziko lonse lapansi onyamula ma AC ogwiritsira ntchito limodzi.
Greg Coleman, mkulu wa kulumikizana kwa malonda ku Lincoln Electric, anafotokoza kusiyana pakati pa abale awiri a Lincoln. “John C. ndi injiniya komanso wopanga zinthu yemwe ali ndi luso lalikulu pakupanga magetsi ku Cleveland. Koma James F., ndi wogulitsa wobadwira wodabwitsa yemwe adasewera timu ya mpira ya Ohio State yomwe sinagonjetsedwe. Mtsogoleri wa timu yachiwiri.” Ngakhale abalewa angakhale ndi umunthu wosiyana, ali ndi mzimu wochita bizinesi.
Atasankha kuyang'ana kwambiri pa kafukufuku wa sayansi, John S. Lincoln adapereka ulamuliro wa kampaniyo kwa mng'ono wake James F. Lincoln mu 1914. Nthawi yomweyo, James F. adayambitsa ntchito yokonza zinthu ndipo adakhazikitsa komiti yolangiza antchito, yomwe idaphatikizapo oimira osankhidwa kuchokera ku dipatimenti iliyonse, ndipo yakhala ikukumana milungu iwiri iliyonse kuyambira pamenepo. Pofika mu 1915, panthawiyo, antchito a Lincoln Electric adalembetsa mu dongosolo la inshuwaransi ya moyo wa gulu. Lincoln Electric inali imodzi mwa makampani oyamba kupereka maubwino a antchito ndi mabhonasi olimbikitsira.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, Ohio inali malo odziwika bwino amalonda a magalimoto. Kuyambira Grant Motor Company ndi Standard Oil mpaka Allen Motor Company, Willis Company, Templar Motor Company, Studebaker-Garford, Arrow Cyclecar ndi Sandusky Motor Company, Ohio inkaoneka ngati likulu la magalimoto kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Pamene makampani opanga magalimoto anayamba, zinthu zonse zamakampani zimathandiza kuthandizira ndikukulitsa bizinesi yatsopano yamagalimoto.
Ngakhale zaka 69 zapitazo, owotcherera anali ndi chidwi ndi zipewa zokhala ndi zithunzi zakuthwa. Onani chipewa chokongola ichi cha 1944 cha "Voodoo".
James F. Lincoln ankadziwa kuti aphunzitsi adzapereka chithunzi chosatha kwa akatswiri odulira zitsulo mtsogolo. “Ankafuna kuti akatswiri odulira zitsulo ophunzitsidwa azikumbukira dzina la Lincoln kwinakwake,” anatero Coleman. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Sukulu Yodulira Magetsi ya Lincoln kunali chiyambi cha maphunziro. Pofika mu 2010, anthu opitilira 100,000 aphunzitsidwa kudulira zitsulo pamakampaniwo.
“James Lincoln anali munthu wowona masomphenya enieni,” anatero Coleman. “Analemba mabuku atatu ndipo anakhazikitsa maziko a mfundo zoyendetsera zolimbikitsa zomwe zikadalipo mpaka pano.”
Kuwonjezera pa ntchito yake yoyang'anira ndi maphunziro, James Lincoln ndi mtsogoleri amene amalimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha makampani chomwe chimamvetsera nkhawa za antchito. "Nthawi zonse timagwira ntchito kuti tichepetse kuwononga ndalama, kuchepetsa ndalama ndikukweza chitetezo kwa aliyense amene akugwira ntchito ku Lincoln Electric. Malingaliro ambiriwa amachokera kwa antchito athu. Ngakhale masiku ano, patapita nthawi yaitali abale a Lincoln atachoka, tikukonzabe malo omwe nkhawa za antchito zimafotokozedwa ndikulandiridwa."
Monga mwachizolowezi, Lincoln Electric ikupitilizabe kuyenda ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a kuwotcherera, zomwe zikupititsa patsogolo kuphunzira. Maphunziro akhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pa Lincoln portfolio. "Pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo, tidagwira ntchito ndi kampani ya virtual reality kuti tipange malo olondola otsanzira zomwe zingachitike powotcherera. VRTEX virtual reality arc welding simulator imatsanzira molondola mawonekedwe ndi phokoso la kuwotcherera."
Malinga ndi Coleman, "Dongosololi limakupatsani mwayi woyesa weld. Limayesa ngodya, liwiro ndi kufikira kuti muyese weld. Zonsezi zimachitika popanda kutaya zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Palibe chifukwa china chowonjezera panthawi yochita. Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosaphika, gasi ndi waya wowotcherera."
Lincoln Electric akulangiza maphunziro a zenizeni zenizeni ngati njira yowonjezera maphunziro enieni m'sitolo yowotcherera kapena malo ogwirira ntchito ndipo sayenera kuonedwa ngati njira yolowera m'malo mwa njira zachikhalidwe zophunzitsira.
Mu Meyi 1939, Exhibitor Services ku Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania idagula galimoto ya Lincoln SA-150. Pano, wowotcherera amagwira ntchito pa chimango cha mamita 20 chomwe chinapezeka mgalimoto yoyaka moto. Kampaniyo idatero kuti SA-150 idadzilipira yokha sabata yoyamba m'masitolo.
Makina a VRTEX akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri komanso m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana omwe alipo pano ngati njira yosungira ndalama panthawi yophunzitsidwa. Coleman anafotokoza kuti chipangizochi sichimangophunzira bwino njira zosiyanasiyana zowotcherera, komanso chimayesa owotcherera. "Makinawa angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti wowotchererayo ali ndi luso pa njira zosiyanasiyana zowotcherera. Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zilizonse, kampaniyo ikhoza kuwona ngati wowotchererayo angathe kuchita zomwe akunena."
Kampani ya Lincoln Electric ikugwira ntchito yolumikiza ma arc, ndipo "sizisintha," adatero Coleman. "Tipitiliza kukulitsa luso lathu lolumikiza ma arc ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito."
"Timagwira nawo ntchito zambiri zaposachedwa, monga kuwotcherera laser ya fiber optic hybrid, komwe kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcherera kumasungidwa panthawiyi," akutero Coleman. Zigawo zatsopano mu njira yopangira kuti ziwongolere kukana kukanda zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kukonza malo osweka.
Kuwonjezera pa njira yowotcherera ndi laser, Coleman adatiuzanso za ntchito ya kampaniyo pakudula zitsulo. "Tagula zinthu zabwino monga Torchmate. Kwa zaka zoposa 30, makina odulira a Torchmate CNC apereka matebulo odulira plasma a CNC otsika mtengo komanso njira zina zodzichitira zokha kwa opanga padziko lonse lapansi."
Lincoln Electric idagulanso Harris Thermal m'zaka za m'ma 1990. Harris Calorific ndi mpainiya pakuwotcherera ndi kudula gasi. Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa ndi John Harris, munthu amene adapeza njira yodulira ndi kuwotcherera ndi oxyacetylene. "Chifukwa chake tikuyang'ananso maphunziro odulira zitsulo," adatero Coleman. "Chimodzi mwa zomwe tapeza posachedwapa ndi Burny Kaliburn, wopanga makina odulira plasma olondola kwambiri," adatero. "Pakadali pano, titha kupereka makina odulira malawi, makina odulira plasma ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja, makina a CNC apakompyuta, makina odulira plasma apamwamba komanso makina odulira laser."
“Tikudutsa mu nthawi yosangalatsa chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwa zida zowotcherera,” anatero Coleman. “Zidazi zasinthidwa kuchoka pa makina ogwiritsira ntchito transformer/rectifier kupita ku makina ogwiritsira ntchito inverter kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi ma waveform osiyanasiyana,” anawonjezera. “Kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu kuti akonze bwino mawonekedwe a aluminiyamu GMAW arc kwatengedwa pamlingo watsopano ku Lincoln Electric ndi zomwe timatcha ukadaulo wowongolera ma waveform,” anawonjezera.
Akatswiri ambiri opanga zinthu amasankha arc yomwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito posintha momwe kugunda kwa mtima kapena mawonekedwe a mafunde a makinawo amagwirira ntchito. Chip Foose ili pano kuti iwonetse kamera.
"Gawo lotsatira" lomwe Coleman akunena ndi ukadaulo wa Lincoln Electric, womwe umalola makina owotcherera kuti amvetsetse zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito kapena wolemba ntchito akuganiza za kuwotcherera kwapamwamba kwambiri pa ntchito inayake.
"Makinawa amatha kudziwa bwino lomwe chomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amaona kuti ndi weld yovomerezeka, kenako amatha kuwunika weldyo kutengera zomwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo wapereka," akutero Coleman.
Ukadaulo wowongolera mawonekedwe a mafunde ndi "makonzedwe osankhidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito" omwe umapereka ungapezeke mu pulogalamu yomangidwa mu Lincoln Power Wave Inverter Power Supplies. Power Wave imapezeka ndi ma waveforms okonzedweratu kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito powotcherera aluminiyamu, kapena mainjiniya amatha kupanga ma waveforms awoawo pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Lincoln Wave Designer. Ma waveforms opangidwa ndi PC awa amatha kukonzedwa mu Power Wave.
Kale, kusintha mafunde a mlengalenga sikunali vuto nthawi zonse. Mnyamata wamng'ono akuyang'ana bambo ake (John Taylor) akukonzekera kukonza ndi makina awo owotcherera gasi ku famu ya Lawrence ndi John Taylor mu Disembala 1949.
Kutha kulamulira ndikusintha mawonekedwe a mafunde kumathandiza odulira kuti azitha kusintha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo kuti atsimikizire kulumikizana kwamphamvu kwa weld. "Izi sizili ngati wodulira woyamba wa Lincoln Electric yemwe anali wamkulu ngati Pinto ndipo anali ndi electrode yolimba yopanda kanthu," adatero Coleman.
Makina odulira plasma a Lincoln Electric a Tomahawk ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko chaposachedwa cha kupanga ndi kudula zitsulo.
Kusintha kwa ma waveform kungakhale ndi zotsatira zodziwikiratu pa liwiro la kuyenda, mawonekedwe omaliza a weld bead, kuyeretsa pambuyo pa weld, ndi kuchuluka kwa utsi wothira. Mwachitsanzo, pa substrate yopyapyala ya aluminiyamu ya mainchesi 0.035, ogwiritsa ntchito angagwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wa Waveform kuti achepetse kutentha, kuchepetsa kupotoka, kuchotsa kufalikira kwa madzi, kuchotsa mizere yozizira, ndikuchotsa kutentha. Izi zachitika mobwerezabwereza m'mapulogalamu omwe angapindule ndi GMAW yoyendetsedwa. Mapulogalamu othira madzi amatha kupangidwira mtundu wina wa liwiro la waya ndi mafunde, kapena amatha kupangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana azinthu komanso liwiro la waya.
Pangani mapilo okwana mainchesi 12. Mapaipi a gasi wachilengedwe ku munda wa KMA ku Wichita Falls, Texas, Okutobala 1938. Ntchitoyi inachitika pamalo owolokera mtsinje kuti pakhale njira yosonkhanitsira mafuta pakati pa zitsime zina ndi fakitale yopachikira mafuta ya Phillips.
Techalloy, kampani ina yothandizana ndi Lincoln Electric, ili ku Maryland ndipo imapanga zinthu zowotcherera za nickel alloy ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina otulutsa utsi wa magalimoto, kuteteza kutentha kwambiri ndi dzimbiri m'mafakitale a mankhwala ndi mankhwala, komanso kukonza ndi kukonza m'makampani amafuta ndi gasi. . Zogulitsa za kampaniyo zimaonedwa kuti ndi muyezo wamakampani opanga magetsi ndi ntchito za nyukiliya. Techalloy ikupitilizabe kukhala mtsogoleri monga wogulitsa zinthu zolimba pamakina opangira magetsi. Pamene opanga magalimoto akugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina kapena zatsopano zachitsulo, Techalloy yayambitsa zinthu zatsopano kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za opanga zowotcherera.
Ma aluminiyamu osiyanasiyana achitsulo ali ndi zinthu zambiri zokongola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aluminiyamu iliyonse ikhale yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, ngakhale kuti imatha kuwotcherera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chakuya cha zitsulo ndi zida zamakono komanso ukadaulo womwe ulipo pamsika, ma aluminiyamu onse achitsulo amatha kukonzedwa bwino. Lincoln Electric imathandiza owunda kukhala patsogolo pa ukadaulo ndi zida zatsopano komanso njira zaposachedwa zophunzitsira. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu izi zogwirira ntchito ndi Lincoln Electric kuyambira pachiyambi zimakhalabe zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kampaniyo kukhala yofunikira masiku ano.
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