N’chifukwa chiyani ma weld achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito FCAW nthawi zonse amalephera kuwunika? David Meyer ndi Rob Koltz akuyang'anitsitsa zifukwa zomwe zachititsa izi. Getty Images
Q: Tikukonza zopukutira zitsulo zolumikizidwa mu makina owumitsira pamalo onyowa. Zopukutira zathu zalephera kuwunika chifukwa cha ma porosity, undercut ndi ming'alu. Tinalukira A514 ku A36 pogwiritsa ntchito 0.045″ diameter, malo onse, cored 309L, 75% Argon/25% Carbon Dioxide gasi kuti tipewe kuwonongeka.
Tinayesa ma electrode a carbon steel, koma ma weld adawonongeka mwachangu kwambiri ndipo tinapeza kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwira ntchito bwino. Ma weld onse amapangidwa pamalo osalala, mainchesi 3/8. Chifukwa cha nthawi yochepa, ma weld onse amapangidwa nthawi imodzi. Nchiyani chingapangitse kuti ma weld athu alephere?
Kudula pang'ono nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha magawo odulira osafunikira, njira yosayenera yodulira, kapena zonse ziwiri. Sitingathe kunenapo kanthu pa magawo odulira chifukwa sitikuwadziwa. Kudula pang'ono komwe kumachitika pa 1F nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri madzi odulira kapena kuthamanga kwambiri kapena pang'onopang'ono kwambiri.
Popeza wowotcherera akuyesera kuyika 3/8″. Kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito tochi mopitirira muyeso kungakhale chifukwa china chowotcherera fillet imodzi yokhala ndi waya wocheperako wozungulira. Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti ikugwiritsa ntchito chida cholakwika pantchito osati vuto laukadaulo, ndichifukwa chake.
Kubowola kwa mpweya kumachitika chifukwa cha kusayera mu weld, kutayika kapena kuchuluka kwa mpweya woteteza, kapena kuyamwa kwa chinyezi chambiri cha waya wothira madzi. Mukunena kuti iyi ndi ntchito yokonza zinthu zonyowa mkati mwa choumitsira, kotero ngati weld sizinatsukidwe bwino, ichi chingakhale chifukwa chachikulu cha mabowo.
Chitsulo chodzaza chomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito ndi waya wozungulira womwe uli ndi malo onse, mitundu iyi ya waya imakhala ndi njira yoziziritsira mwachangu. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zithandizire dziwe lothira madzi mukamawathira molunjika mmwamba kapena pamwamba. Vuto la slag yoziziritsira mwachangu ndikuti imauma patsogolo pa dziwe lothira madzi pansi pake. Ngati mpweya ukutulutsidwabe, nthawi zambiri umatsekeredwa ndipo umawonekera pambuyo pake ngati ma pores kapena ma track a nyongolotsi pamwamba. Izi zimakulitsidwa mukamawathira madzi pamalo osalala ndi waya yaying'ono ndikuyesera kuyika weld yayikulu munjira imodzi, monga momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito.
Kusweka kwa weld kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa weld kungayambitsidwe ndi zifukwa zingapo. Popeza mukuyika mkanda waukulu wokhala ndi waya wocheperako, mwina simungakumane ndi fusion yokwanira (LOF) pamzu wa weld. Kusweka kwa weld ndi vuto lofala chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa weld komanso LOF pamzu.
Pa kukula kwa waya kumeneku, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma pass awiri kapena atatu kuti mumalize 3/8 ya inchi. Ma weld a fillet, palibe amene angakulepheretseni. Mungaone kuti kupanga ma weld atatu opanda chilema n'kofulumira kuposa kupanga weld imodzi yopanda chilema kenako n'kuikonza.
Komabe, vuto lina lomwe lingakhale ndi gawo lalikulu pakusweka kwa weld ndi mulingo wolakwika wa ferrite mu weld, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha kusweka. Waya wa 309L unapangidwa kuti ulumikize chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ku chitsulo cha kaboni m'malo mwa chitsulo cha kaboni ku chitsulo cha kaboni. Kapangidwe ka weld kameneka kamaganiziranso kusungunuka kwa chitsulo cha maziko pazitsulo zonse ziwiri. Chifukwa chake, mu ntchito zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ku kaboni, ma alloys ena ochokera ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amathandizira kulinganiza kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndikupanga kuchuluka koyenera kwa ferrite. Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chodzaza chokhala ndi ferrite pafupifupi 50%, monga 312 kapena 2209, kudzachotsa kuthekera kwa kusweka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ferrite kochepa.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera kutopa kwambiri ndi kulumikiza cholumikiziracho ndi electrode ya kaboni kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kenako ndikuwonjezera electrode ina pamwamba. Komabe, munanena kuti munali ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri ndipo vuto lililonse la kulumikiza cholumikizira cha multipass silingatheke.
Yesani kusintha kukhala waya wokulirapo, monga mainchesi 1/16 kapena kuposerapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito waya wothira mpweya wotetezedwa ndi mpweya ndikwabwino chifukwa kumapereka kuyeretsa bwino kwa weld komanso chitetezo chabwino cha mpweya kuposa mawaya osathira mpweya. Komabe, m'malo mwa waya wokhazikika, waya wokhazikika komanso wopingasa wokha ndi womwe ungachepetse kutsekeka kwa mphutsi kapena kutsatira nyongolotsi. Muyeneranso kusintha chitsulo chodzaza kuchokera ku 309L kupita ku 312 kapena 2209.
WELDER, yomwe kale inali Practical Welding Today, ikuwonetsa anthu enieni omwe amapanga zinthu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito komanso zomwe timagwira ntchito nazo tsiku lililonse. Magazini iyi yakhala ikutumikira anthu ogwiritsira ntchito welding ku North America kwa zaka zoposa 20.
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